IBMX is a nonspecific, broad-spectrum, competitive inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, with IC50s of 6.5, 26.3 and 31.7 μM for PDE3, PDE4 and PDE5, respectively.

Lodenafil (also known as hydroxyhomosildenafil; trade name Helleva), an analog of sildenafil, is a novel and potent phosphodiesterase PDE5 inhibitor with the potential to treat erectile dysfunction (ED).

(R)-(-)-Rolipram is the R-enantiomer of Rolipram with potent anti-inflammatory and anti-depressant activity in the central nervous system, and it is more potent than its S enantiomer.

ent-Tadalafil (ent-IC-351) is a cis-enantiomer and an impurity of Tadalafil, which is an inhibitor of PDE5/phosphodiesterase 5 approved as an oral drug for treating erectile dysfunction (ED).

Zardaverine is a novel and selective PDE (Phosphodiesterase) 3/4 inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.5 uM and 0.8 uM respectively.

Roflumilast N-oxide is a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor.

Piclamilast is a novel potent, and selective PDE4 inhibitor.

D159687 is a selective negative allosteric modulator (NAM) of PDE4D.

BAY-60-7550 (BAY-607550; BAY607550) is a novel, potent and selective PDE2 inhibitor with the potential to be used for the treatment of anxiety disorders.

Vesnarinone (OPC-8212) is a quinolinone-based cardiotonic agent, acting as a mixed phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) inhibitor and ion-channel modifier with modest, dose-dependent, positive inotropic activity, but minimal negative chronotropic activity.