Esculin is a naturally occuring coumarin glucoside that is isolated from the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), California Buckeye (Aesculus californica), Prickly Box (Bursaria spinosa) and in daphnin (the dark green resin of Daphne mezereum).

Adezmapimod hydrochloride (formerly SB-203580 HCl; SB203580; RWJ-64809; RWJ 64809) is a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor (p38MAPK inhibitor) with IC50 of 0.3-0.5 μM in THP-1 cells, it is 10-fold less sensitive to SAPK3(106T) and SAPK4(106T) and blocks PKB phosphorylation with IC50 of 3-5 μM.

Dilmapimod (SB-681323; GW-681323) is a novel p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor that has the potential to treat inflammatory diseases such as COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and RA (Rheumatoid Arthritis).

Neflamapimod (formerly also known as VX-745, VRT-031745 and VD-31745) is a novel, highly potent and selective inhibitor of p38α MAPK with potential anti-inflammatory activity (e.g. anti-arthritis).

BMS-582949 (also known as PS540446) is a potent and highly selective p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) inhibitor with IC50 of 13nM.

Asiatic acid (Dammarolic acid, Asiantic acid) is a naturally occuring pentacyclic triterpene and aglycone of asiaticoside isolated from a variety of plants, including the plant C. asiatica.

SB-242235 is a potent and selective p38 MAP kinase inhibitor with IC50 of 1.0 uM and has the potential for treatment of cytokine-mediated diseases like autoimmune or inflammatory diseases.

TA-02 is a p38 MAPK inhibitor with IC50 of 20 nM.

TAK-715 is a novel, potent and selective p38 MAPK (p38 mitogen-activated protein) inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory activity.

VX-702 is a novel, highly potent, orally bioavailable and selective inhibitor of p38α MAPK with potential anti-inflammatory activity.