Q-VD-OPh (also known as QVD-OPH; Quinoline-Val-Asp-Difluorophenoxymethylketone) is a novel, potent and irreversible pan-caspase inhibitor with potential anticancer activities.

First procaspase-activating compound (PAC-1; VO 100) is a potent small-molecule activator of procaspase-3 that directly catalyzes the maturation of procaspase-3 to the active caspase-3 by inducing the cleavage of procaspase-3 in a time-dependent manner.

Emricasan (formerly also known as IDN-6556 and PF 03491390) is a potent, first-in-class and irreversible pan-caspase inhibitor.

Apoptosis Activator 2 is a novel and potent small molecule apoptosis activator with IC50 value of about 4μM.

Aristolactam I (AL-I) is a major metabolite of aristolochic acid I (AA-I), and is able to form DNA adducts, thus causing renal damage.