BIRB 796 (also known as doramapimod) is a novel, orally bioactive, and highly potent pan-p38 MAPK inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory activity.

Muramyl Dipeptide (MDP) is a novel and potent NOD2 agonist.

SB239063 (SB-239063) is a novel, highly potent, orally bioactive and selective p38 MAPKα/β inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory activity.

Metformin (La-6023; SMP-862; ADX-155; EFB-0027; EX404; La6023; SMP862; Fortamet) is an approved hypoglycemic drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus).

SD-06 is an inhibitor of p38 alpha MAP kinase which inhibits p38α with an IC50 value of 170 nM and inhibits LPS-stimulated TNF-release in rats with 83% inhibition at an oral dose of 1mg/kg.

Sesamolin (AI320978) is a naturally occuring compound isolated from Justicia orbiculata with antioxidative activity.

SB-202190 (known also as SB202190; FHPI) is a novel, highly selective, potent and cell-permeable inhibitor of p38 MAPK with potential antiseptic activity.

Talmapimod, formerly known as SCIO-469, is a novel, orally bioavailable, and selective p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor (IC50 = 9 nM) with potential immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic activities.

SD169 is an orally bioavailable, ATP-competitive, alpha-isoenzyme-selective Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) inhibitor.

Ralimetinib dimysylate (also known as LY-2228820; LY2228820) is a novel, potent and selective ATP-competitive inhibitor of p38 MAPK with potential anti-inflammatory activity.