Glycine (AZD-4282, aminoacetic acid), one of the 20 essential amino acids to make proteins in human body, is an inhibitory neurotransmitter which acts as a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist and has the potential for the treatment of neuropathic pain.

5′-Guanylic acid is a novel and potent bioactive compound.

Ademetionine (AdoMet; SAMe; MSI-195; S-adenosylmethionine) is a common co-substrate involving in the transfer of methyl group to biological molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids.

Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA; cervonic acid), a naturally occuring omega-3 fatty acid found in brain and retina, can also be isolated from fish oil and maternal milk.

Vardenafil dHCl, also known as BAY 38-9456, the dihydrochloride salt of Vardenafil, is a novel and potent PDE inhibitor with IC50 of 0.7 and 180 nM for PDE5 and PDE1, respectively.

Spermidine, a precursor of spermine, is a polyamine derived from putrescine and could help stabilize some membranes and nucleic acid structures.

Inulin (Inulin and sodium chloride) is water soluble starch/storage polysaccharide found in the tubers and roots of many plants.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; dinoprostone) is a naturally occurring prostaglandin which is used as a medication in labor induction, bleeding after delivery, termination of pregnancy, and in newborn babies to keep the ductus arteriosus open.

3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a novel and potent bioactive compound.

Deoxycholic acid (cholanoic acid; trade name Kybella) is one of the secondary bile acids, which are metabolic byproducts produced by intestinal bacteria acting on primary bile acids secreted by the liver.