Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium, the sodium salt of Glycochenodeoxycholic acid which is a glycine conjugate of lithocholic acid, is a bile salt produced in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine.

Spermine (formerly known as NSC 268508), a potent polycationic biogenic polyamine derived from spermidine, functions directly as a free radical scavenger to protect DNA from free radical attack.

Hydroxytyrosol is a novel and potent phenylethanoid.

Guanidine hydrochloride, the crystalline compound of strong alkalinity formed by the oxidation of guanine, is a normal product of protein metabolism and a protein denaturant.

Pregnanediol (NSC 1612; NSC 47462; 5β-pregnane-3α,20α-diol), an inactive metabolic product of progesterone, can be formed when the body breaks down the hormone progesterone.

β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (also known as ‘NMN’, ‘NAMN’, and ‘β-NMN’) is a nucleotide intermediate derived from ribose and nicotinamide and is used in NAD+ biosynthesis produced from nicotinamide (NAM) and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) by nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase enzyme with no toxicity.

Glycohyodeoxycholic acid is a glycine conjugated hyodeoxycholate and a major metabolite of hyodeoxycholic acid.

3-Indolebutyric acid (also known as IBA; 3-indolebutyric acid), a naturally occuring plant hormone in the auxin family, is an ingredient in many commercial plant rooting horticultural products.

Taurocholic acid sodium hydrate (known also as cholaic acid, cholyltaurine, or acidum cholatauricum) is a bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.

7-Ketolithocholic acid (Nutriacholic Acid; 3α-Hydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholanic acid) is a Lithocholic Acid derivative that can be absorbed in the intestine, thus suppressing endogenous bile acid production and biliary cholesterol secretion.